Continental Philosophy

ROMANTICISM (c.1785 - c.1830)
(AMERICAN TRANSCENDENTALISM / PROTO-EXISTENTIALISM / GERMAN IDEALISM)


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SUB-PAGES

Topics:

Romantic Literature

Feminist:

19th Century Feminist Thought / Feminist Perspectives on 19th Century Thought

Post-colonial:

19th Century Non-Western Thought / Post-colonial Perspectives on 19th Century Thought


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ASSOCIATIONS

British Association for Romantic Studies

Society for German Idealism
International Conference on Romanticism (formerly American Conference on Romanticism)
North American Society for the Study of Romanticism (NASSR)
CONFERENCES

2009:

Breaking Boundaries: 1790s in Germany, Britain and France, Institute for Germanic and Romance Studies, University of London, April 22-24
Annual Meeting, Society for German Idealism, APA Pacific Division, Vancouver, April 8-12
2008:

The Work of Romanticism, International Conference on Romanticism, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, October 16-19
German Idealism and the Foundation of Philosophy, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany, October 10-12
Annual Meeting, Society for German Idealism, APA Pacific Division, March 18-23
2007:

Emancipation, Liberation, Freedom, Joint NASSR / BARS conference, Centre for Romantic Studies, Department of English, University of Bristol, July 26-29
Annual Meeting, Society for German Idealism, APA Pacific Division, April 4 and 7
Transcendental Idealism Workshop, Essex Transcendental Philosophy and Naturalism Project, Institute of Philosophy, University of London, March 16-17
German Idealism and Normativity, School of Philosophy, University College Dublin, March 14-15
2006:

Engaged Romanticism: Romanticism as Praxis, International Conference on Romanticism, Arizona State University, November 9-12

Scientia and Techne, Joint Annual Conference, NASSR-NAVSA, Purdue University, August 31-September 3

Romanticism, Environment, Crisis, Centre for Romantic Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, June 23-27

Annual Meeting, Society for German Idealism, APA Pacific Division, San Francisco, April 3-8

2005:

Annual Meeting, Society for German Idealism, APA Pacific Division, March 23-27
2004:

Debatable Lands, Biennial Conference, British Association for Romantic Studies, University of Newcastle, July 28-31

Annual Meeting, Society for German Idealism, APA Pacific Division, March 24-28

F. H. Jacobi and the Formation of German Idealism, Philosophy Programme, School of Advanced Study, University of London, March 5

2003:

Romantic Border Crossings, International Conference on Romanticism, Laredo, Texas, October 14-17

Romantic Cosmopolitanism, 12th Annual Conference, North American Society for Romanticism, University of Colorado, Boulder, September 9-12

Romanticism, History, Historicism, Department of English, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, June 18-22

Annual Meeting, Society for German Idealism, APA Pacific Division, March 27

2002:

Romantic Orientalism, Department of English, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, July 12-15

2001:



2000:



Annual:

Annual Conference, British Association for Romantic Studies
International Conference on Romanticism
COURSES

University of Chicago: German Romanticism: Literature, Philosophy, Science (Richards)

Concordia University: Kant and 19th Century German Philosophy (Zeman)

Earlham University: Nineteenth Century Continental Philosophy (Guven)

University of Kansas: Themes in Post-Kantian Continental Philosophy (Maybee)
University of London: German Idealism (Gardner)

Monash University: Romanticism and Revolution (Ackland)
University of New Mexico: Studies in British Romanticism (Harrison)
North Eastern Illinois University: Nineteenth-Century Continental Philosophy (Vessey)
University of Strathclyde: Romanticism (Furniss)
University of Texas, Austin: European Romanticism: 1996 / 2004 (Arens)
Yale University: German Idealism (Kreines)

American Transcendentalism:


Proto-Existentialism:

Brock University: The Beginnings of Existentialism (Brown)
University of Pennsylvania: Schopenhauer and Nietzsche (Bowman)
Arts:

University of London, Queen Mary College: Poetic Ideology and Practice in English Romanticism (Hamilton)
University of Pennsylvania: Kant and the 19th Century: German Aesthetics from Kant to Nietzsche (Bowman)
University of Washington: Romantic Theory (Halmi)
The Sublime:
Boston College: The Sublime (Richardson)
Brown University: On the Sublime (Sng)
University of Dundee: Aesthetics of the Sublime (Jones)
University of Rhode Island: The Sublime (Jones)
JOURNALS

BARS Bulletin and Review

European Romantic Review

Idealistic Studies

Internationales Jahrbuch des Deutschen Idealismus

Prism(s): Essays in Romanticism

Romanticism

Romanticism on the Net

Studies in Romanticism

PHILOSOPHERS / THEORISTS

In Chronological Order:

'Longinus' (1st Century CE) (see also Classical Literary Theory)
Edward Young (1683 - 1765) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Edmund Burke (1729 - 1797) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Johann Georg Hamann (1730 - 1788) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743 - 1819) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Johann Gottfried Herder (1744 - 1803) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 - 1832)

William Godwin (1756 - 1836)

Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757 - 1823)

William Blake (1757 - 1827)

Friedrich Schiller (1759 - 1805)

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762 - 1814)

Germain Necker de Stael (1766 - 1817)

Wilhelm Humboldt (1767 - 1835

August Wilhelm von Schlegel (1767 - 1845)

Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768 - 1834)

G. W. F. Hegel (1770 - 1831)

William Wordsworth (1770 - 1850)

Novalis [Friedrich Leopold von Hardenberg] (1772 - 1801)

Friedrich von Schlegel (1772 - 1829)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 - 1834)

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775 - 1854)

Heinrich von Kleist (1777 - 1811)

Georg Anton Friedrich Ast (1778 - 1841)

Thomas Peacock (1785 - 1866)

August Philip Böckh (1785 - 1867)

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 - 1822)

John Keats (1795 - 1821)

Thomas Carlyle (1795 - 1881)

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882)

Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 - 1872)

Johann Gustav Droysen (1808 - 1884)

Soren Kierkegaard (1813 - 1855)

Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862)

By Nationality:

Ancient Greek and Hellenistic:
'Longinus' (1st Century CE) (see also Classical Literary Theory)

Denmark:

Soren Kierkegaard (1813 - 1855)

Eire:

France:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Germain Necker de Stael (1766 - 1817)

Germany:

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Johann Georg Hamann (1730 - 1788) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743 - 1819) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Johann Gottfried Herder (1744 - 1803) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 - 1832)

Friedrich Schiller (1759 - 1805)

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762 - 1814)

Wilhelm Humboldt (1767 - 1835)

August Wilhelm von Schlegel (1767 - 1845)

Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768 - 1834)

G. W. F. Hegel (1770 - 1831)

Novalis [Friedrich Leopold von Hardenberg] (1772 - 1801)

Friedrich von Schlegel (1772 - 1829)

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775 - 1854)

Georg Anton Friedrich Ast (1778 - 1841)

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775 - 1854)

August Philip Böckh (1785 - 1867)

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860)
Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 - 1872)

Johann Gustav Droysen (1808 - 1884)

Italy:


UK:

Edward Young (1683 - 1765) (see also Neo-Classical Literary Theory)

Edmund Burke (1729 - 1797) (see also Early Modern Thought)

William Godwin (1756 - 1836)

William Blake (1757 - 1827)

William Wordsworth (1770 - 1850)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 - 1834)

Thomas Peacock (1785 - 1866)

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 - 1822)

John Keats (1795 - 1821)

Thomas Carlyle (1795 - 1881)

USA:

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882)

Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862)

By School of Thought:

American Transcendentalists:
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882)
Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862)
Proto-Existentialists:
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860)
Soren Kierkegaard (1813 - 1855)
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 - 1900)
German Idealists:

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) (see also Early Modern Thought)

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743 - 1819)

Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757 - 1823)

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762 - 1814)

G. W. F. Hegel (1770 - 1831)

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775 - 1854)

Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 - 1872)

SOURCES: PRIMARY

Off-Line:

Anthologies:

General:

Furst, Lilian, ed. European Romanticism: Self-Definition. London: Methuen, 1980.

Schools of Thought:

German Idealism:

Behler, Ernst, ed. Philosophy of German Idealism. London: Continuum, 1987.

Bubner, Rudiger, ed. German Idealist Philosophy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1997.

Di Giovanni, George, and H. S. Harris, eds. Between Kant and Hegel: Texts in the Development of German Idealism. Albany: SUNY Press, 1985. Rev. ed. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2000.

Ewing, A. C., ed. The Idealist Tradition: from Burke to Blanshard. Glencoe, NY: Free Press, 1957.

Stepelevich, Lawrence, ed. The Young Hegelians: an Anthology. Cambridge: CUP, 1983.

Topics:
Arts:
German Romanticism:
Behler, Ernst, ed. German Romantic Criticism.
Bernstein, J. M., ed. Classic and Romantic German Aesthetics. Cambridge: CUP, 2002.
German Aesthetics and Literary Criticism. 3 Vols. Cambridge: CUP.
Winckelmann, Lessing, Hamann, Herder, Schiller, Goethe. Vol. 3. Ed. H. B. Nisbet. 1985.
Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Schopenhauer, Hegel. Ed. David Simpson. 1984.
The Romantic Ironists and Goethe. Ed. K. M. Wheeler. 1984.

Simpson, David, ed. The Origins of Modern Critical Thought: German Aesthetic and Literary Criticism from Lessing to Hegel. Cambridge: CUP, 1988.
Willson, A. Leslie, ed. German Romantic Criticism: Novalis, Schlegel Schleiermacher and Others. London: Continuum, 1982.
British Romanticism:

Bromwich, David, ed. Romantic Critical Essays. Cambridge: CUP, 1987.
Hill, John Spencer, ed. The Romantic Imagination. London: Macmillan, 1977.
Hoffman, Daniel G., and Samuel Hynes, eds. English Literary Criticism: Romantic and Victorian. London: Peter Owen, 1963.
Kitson, Peter J., ed. Romantic Criticism, 1800-1825. London: Batsford, 1989.
The Sublime:

Ashfield, Andrew, and Peter de Bolla, eds. The Sublime: a Reader in British Eighteenth Century Aesthetic Theory. Cambridge: CUP, 1996.

Selected Individual Works:

General:



Schools of Thought:

German Idealism:

1797.

Anon. "The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism." Trans. Diana I. Behler. Philosophy of German Idealism. Ed. Ernst Behler. New York: Continuum, 1987. 161-166.

Boehme, Jacob. Mysterium Pansophicum.

Heine, Heinrich.

On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany, and Other Writings. Ed. Terry Pinkard. Trans. Howard Pollack-Milgate. Cambridge: CUP, 2007.

Topics:

Arts:

German Romanticism:

Heine, Heinrich. "Die Romantische Schule." 1885. Vol. 8 of Sämtliche Werke. Ed. Manfred Windfuhr. 1979.

"The Romantic School." Trans. Helen Mustard. 1973. "The Romantic School" and Other Essays. Ed. Jost Hermand and Robert Holub. 1985.

Holderlin, Friedrich. Essays and Letters on Theory. Ed. and trans. Thomas Pfau. 1988.

von Kleist, Heinrich. 1910.

"On the Marionette Theatre."

von Kleist, Heinrich. "Über die allmähliche Verfertigung der Gedanken beim Reden." 1805-1808.

"On the Gradual Construction of Thoughts while Speaking." Ed. and trans. David Constantine. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2004.

British Romanticism:



The Sublime:




On-Line:

Archives:



Selected Individual Works:



SOURCES: SECONDARY

Off-Line:

Anthologies:

Socio-Historical Context:

Pilbeam, Pamela M., ed. Themes in Modern European History, 1780-1830. London: Routledge,.

General:

Ameriks, Karl, and Dieter Sturma, eds. The Modern Subject: Conceptions of the Self in Classical German Philosophy. Albany: SUNY Press, 1995.

Ferber, Michael, ed. A Companion to European Romanticism. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.

Klemm, David E., and Gunter Zoller, eds. Figuring the Self: Subject, Absolute, and Others in Classical German Philosophy. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.

Kompridis, Nikolas, ed. Philosophical Romanticism. London: Routledge, 2006.

Posner, R., and J. N. Green, eds. Trends in Romance Linguistics and Philology. 2 Vols. The Hague: Mouton, 1981.

Schools of Thought:

German Idealism:

Ameriks, Karl, ed. Cambridge Companion to German Idealism. Cambridge: CUP, 2000.

Gersh, Stephen, and Dermot Moran, eds. Eriugena, Berkeley, and the Idealist Tradition. Notre Dame: U of Notre Dame P, 2006.

Sandkühler, Hans Jörg, ed. Handbuch Deutscher Idealismus. J. B. Metzler, 2005.

Solomon, Robert C., and Kathleen M. Higgins, eds. The Age of German Idealism. Vol. 6 of Routledge History of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 1993.


Topics:

Arts:

German Romanticism:


British Romanticism:

Brown, Marshall, ed. Romanticism. Vol. 5 of Cambridge History of Literary Criticism. Cambridge: CUP, 2000.

Hill, John Spencer, ed. The Romantic Imagination. London: Macmillan, 1977.
The Sublime:
Silverman, Hugh, and Gary E. Aylesworth, eds. The Textual Sublime: Deconstruction and its Differences. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.
Being:



Communication:


Human Nature:

Body:


Mind:


Self:


Knowledge:



Morality:



Nature:



Philosophy / Theory:


Religion:



Society:

Butler, Marilyn, ed. Burke, Paine, Godwin and the Revolution Controversy. Cambridge: CUP, 1984.

Selected Individual Works:

Socio-Historical Context:

Doyle, William. Oxford History of the French Revolution. 1989.
Halliday, F. E. “The Industrial Revolution and Napoleonic War, 1783-1830.” England: a Concise History. London: Thames and Hudson, 1964. 153-171.

Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962. Rpt. London: Abacus, 1997.
Lefebvre, Georges. The French Revolution. 2 Vols. 1962–64.
McCalman, I. Radical Underworld: Prophets, Revolutionaries and Pornographers in London, 1795-1840. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.

Pilbeam, Pamela M. "European Society in Revolution." Themes in Modern European History, 1780-1830. Ed. Pamela M. Pilbeam. London: Routledge, . 204-222.
General:
Ameriks, Karl. "The Legacy of Idealism in the Philosophy of Feuerbach, Marx, and Kierkegaard." Cambridge Companion to German Idealism. Ed. Karl Ameriks. Cambridge: CUP, 2000. 258-281.

Ashton, Rosemary. "England and Germany." A Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. 495-504.

Ashton, Rosemary. The German Idea: Four English Writers and the Reception of German Thought, 1800-1860. Cambridge: CUP, 1980. Rpt. London: Libris, 1994.

Beiser, Frederick C. The Romantic Imperative: the Concept of Early German Romanticism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2003.

Beiser, Frederick C. Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism: the Genesis of Modern Political Thought, 1790-1800. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1992.

Berlin, Isaiah. "The Apotheosis of the Romantic Will: the Revolt Against the Myth of an Ideal World." 1975.

The Proper Study of Mankind: an Anthology of Essays. Ed. Henry Hardy and Roger Hausheer. London: Pimlico, 1997. 553-580.

The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas. Ed. Henry Hardy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1990. 207-237.

Berlin, Isaiah. The Roots of Romanticism. Mellon Lectures, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, 1965. Pub. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1999.

Berlin, Isaiah. "The Counter-Enlightenment." Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Vol. 2. Ed. Philip Weiner. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons, 1973.

The Proper Study of Mankind: an Anthology of Essays. Ed. Henry Hardy and Roger Hausheer. London: Pimlico, 1997. 243-268.

Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas. Ed. Henry Hardy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1979. 1-24.

Berlin, Isaiah. "Political Ideas in the Romantic Age: their Rise and Influence on Modern Thought." Mary Flexner Lectures, Bryn Mawr College, 1952. London: Chatto and Windus, , 2006.

Berlin, Isaiah. "The Essence of Romanticism."

The Power of Ideas. Ed. Henry Hardy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2000. 200-204.

Berlin, Isaiah. "The Romantic Revolution: a Crisis in the History of Modern Thought."

The Sense of Reality: Studies in Ideas and their History. Ed. Henry Hardy. London: Pimlico, 1996. 168-193.

Biddiss, Michael. "Reason and Romanticism: Currents of Social and Political Thought." Themes in Modern European History, 1780-1830. Ed. Pamela M. Pilbeam. London: Routledge, . 223-247.
Bowie, Andrew. "Critiques of Idealism I: the Early Romantics to Feuerbach." Introduction to German Philosophy: from Kant to Habermas. Cambridge: Polity, 2003. 94-117.

Brown, Marshall. "Romanticism and Enlightenment." Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Ed. Stuart Curran. Cambridge: CUP, 1993. 25-47.
Cobban, Alfred. Edmund Burke and the Revolt Against the Eighteenth Century. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1960.

See excerpt "The Revolt Against the Eighteenth Century." Romanticism and Consciousness. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Norton, 1970. 132-146.

Copleston, Frederick C. Modern Philosophy: from the Post-Kantian Idealists to Marx, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. Vol. 7 of A History of Philosophy. New York: Newman, 1963.
Frank, Manfred. Einfuhrung in die fruhromantische Asthetik. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1989.
The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism. Albany: SUNY Press, 2004.
Garrard, Graeme. Counter-Enlightenments: from the Eighteenth Century to the Present. 2006.

Hamilton, Paul. Metaromanticism: Aesthetics, Literature, Theory. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003.

Harris, R. W. Romanticism and the Social Order, 1780-1830. London: , 1929.

Kitson, Peter J. "Beyond the Enlightenment: the Philosophical, Scientific and Religious Inheritance." A Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. 35-47.

Krell, David Farrell. Contagion: Sexuality, Disease, and Death in German Idealism and Romanticism. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1998.

Lovejoy, A. O. "On the Discrimination of Romanticisms." Annual Meeting, Modern Language Association, December 27, 1923. PMLA 39 (1924): 229-253.
Romanticism: Points of View. Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962. 45-57.
English Romantic Poets: Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. M. H. Abrams. Oxford: OUP, 1960. 3-23.
Essays in the History of Ideas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1948. 228-253.

Lovejoy, A. O. "The Meaning of 'Romantic' in Early German Romanticism." Modern Language Notes 31 (1916): .

Essays in the History of Ideas. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1948. 183-206.

Lowith, Karl. Von Hegel zu Nietzsche: der revolutionare Bruch im Denken des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Zurich: Europa, 1941.

From Hegel to Nietzsche: the Revolution in Nineteenth Century Thought. Trans. David E. Green. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, 1964. Rpt. 1991.

McMahon, Darrin M. Enemies of the Enlightenment: the French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity.
Masseau, Didier. Les Ennemis des philosophes: l’Antiphilosophie au temps des Lumières. Paris: Albin Michel, 2000.
McMahon, Darrin. Enemies of the Enlightenment: the French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity. Oxford: OUP, 2002.
Moscovici, Claudia. Romanticism and Post-Romanticism. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007

Norton, Robert E. "The Myth of the Counter-Enlightenment." Journal of the History of Ideas 68 (2007): 635-658.

Pinkard, Terry. German Philosophy, 1760-1860: the Legacy of Idealism. Cambridge: CUP, 2002.

Richards, Robert. The Romantic Conception of Life: Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2002.

Solomon, Robert C. "Romancing the Self: Fichte, Schelling, Schiller and Romanticism." Continental Philosophy since 1750: the Rise and Fall of the Self. Vol. 7 of Oxford History of Philosophy. Oxford: OUP, 1988. 44-55.

Thorslev, Peter. "German Romantic Idealism." Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Ed. Stuart Curran. Cambridge: CUP, 1993. 74-94.

West, David. "Continental Critics of Enlightenment." An Introduction to Continental Philosophy. Cambridge: Polity, 1996. 27-34.

Historicism:

Hamilton, Paul. Historicism. London: Routledge, 1996.
Mandelbaum, Maurice. History, Man and Reason: a Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1971.

Meinecke, Friedrich. Die Enstehung der Historimus. 2 Vols. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1936.

Historicism: the Rise of a New Historical Outlook. Trans. J. E. Anderson. New York: Herder & Herder, 1972.

Popper, Karl. The Poverty of Historicism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957.

Troeltsch, Ernst. Der Historimus und Seine Probleme. Tubingen: Mohr, 1922.

Schools of Thought:

American Transcendentalism:

Rose, Anne C. Transcendentalism as a Social Movement, 1830-1850. New Haven: Yale UP, 1981.

Proto-Existentialism:

Lowith, Karl. Von Hegel zu Nietzsche: der revolutionare Bruch im Denken des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Zurich: Europa, 1941.

From Hegel to Nietzsche: the Revolution in Nineteenth Century Thought. Trans. David E. Green. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, 1964. Rpt. 1991.

Solomon, Robert C. From Rationalism to Existentialism. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001.

Solomon, Robert C. From Hegel to Existentialism. Oxford: OUP, 1987.

West, David. "Beyond Theory: Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Existentialism." An Introduction to Continental Philosophy. Cambridge: Polity, 1996. 117-153.

German Idealism:

Beck, Lewis W. "From Leibniz to Kant." The Age of German Idealism. Vol. 6 of The Routledge History of Philosophy. Ed. Robert Solomon and Kathleen M. Higgins. London: Routledge, 1993. 5-39.

Beiser, Frederick C. German Idealism: the Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781-1801. Cambriudge, MA: Harvard UP, 2002.

Beiser, Frederick C. "The Enlightenment and Idealism." Cambridge Companion to German Idealism. Ed. Karl Ameriks. Cambridge: CUP, 2000. 18-36.

Beiser, Frederick C. The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1987.

Bowie, Andrew. "German Idealism: from Fichte to the Early Schelling." Introduction to German Philosophy: from Kant to Habermas. Cambridge: Polity, 2003. 58-78.

Bubner, Rudiger. Innovationen des Idealismus. Gottingen: Vandenhoek and Ruprecht, 1995.

The Innovations of Idealism. Trans. Nicholas Walker. Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

Copleston, Frederick C. Modern Philosophy: from the French Enlightenment to Kant. Vol. 6 of A History of Philosophy. New York: Newman, 1960.
Dudley, Will. Understanding German Idealism. Montreal: McGill-Queen's UP, 2007.
Edwin, A. C. Idealism: a Critical Survey. London: Methuen, 1934.
Ewing, A. C. Idealism: a Critical Survey. London: Methuen, 1934.

Franks, Paul W. All or Nothing: Systematicity, Transcendental Arguments, and Skepticism in German Idealism. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2005.

Guyer, Paul. "Absolute Idealism and the Rejection of Kantian Dualism." Cambridge Companion to German Idealism. Ed. Karl Ameriks. Cambridge: CUP, 2000. 37-56.

Henrich, Dieter. Between Kant and Hegel: Lectures on German Idealism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2003.

Hoernle, R. F. A. Idealism as a Philosophy. 1927.

Kosch, Michelle. Freedom and Reason in Kant, Schelling and Kierkegaard. Oxford: OUP, 2006.

Mack, Michael. German Idealism and the Jew: the Inner Anti-Semitism of Philosophy and German Jewish Responses. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003.

Pinkard, Terry. German Philosophy, 1760-1860: the Legacy of Idealism. Cambridge: CUP, 2002.

Solomon, Robert C. "Romancing the Self: Fichte, Schelling, Schiller and Romanticism." Continental Philosophy since 1750: the Rise and Fall of the Self. Vol. 7 of Oxford History of Philosophy. Oxford: OUP, 1988. 44-55.

Topics:

Arts:

German Romanticism:
Abrams, M. H. The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition. Oxford: OUP, 1953.
Behler, Ernst. German Romantic Literary Theory. Cambridge: CUP, 1993.

Berman, Russell A. Between Fontane and Tucholsky: Literary Criticism and the Public Sphere in Imperial Germany. 1983.

Bowie, Andrew. "German Idealism and the Arts." Cambridge Companion to German Idealism. Ed. Karl Ameriks. Cambridge: CUP, 2000. 239-257.
Bowie, Andrew. "The Philosophy of Critique and the Critique of Philosophy: Romantic Literary Theory." From Romanticism to Critical Theory: the Philosophy of German Literary Theory. London: Routledge, 1997. 65-89.
Bowie, Andrew. "Shifting the Ground: 'Where Philosophy Ceases Literature Must Begin.'" From Romanticism to Critical Theory: the Philosophy of German Literary Theory. London: Routledge, 1997. 53-64.
Hammermeister, Kai. The German Aesthetic Tradition. Cambridge: CUP, 2002.
Hohendahl, Peter Uwe. A History of German Literary Criticism, 1730-1980. 1988.
Hohendahl, Peter Uwe. The Institution of Criticism. 1982.
Nancy, Jean-Luc, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. L'absolu littéraire: Théorie de la littérature du romantisme Allemand. Paris: Seuil, 1978.
The Literary Absolute: the Theory of Literature in German Romanticism. Trans. Philip Barnard and Cheryl Lester. Albany: SUNY Press, 1988.
British Romanticism:

Abrams, M. H. The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition. Oxford: OUP, 1953.
Allen, Graham. "Defences of Poetry." Romantic Writings. Ed. Stephen Bygrave. Milton: Keynes: Open UP, 1996. 71-89.
L., C. B. "Romantic and PostRomantic Poetics." Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics.
Perry, Seamus. "Romantic Literary Criticism." A Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. 369-382.
Simpson, David. "Romanticism, Criticism and Theory." Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Ed. Stuart Curran. Cambridge: CUP, 1993. 1-24.
The Sublime:

Balfour, Ian. "The Sublime Between History and Theory: Hegel, De Man, and Beyond." After Poststructuralism: Writing the Intellectual History of Theory. Ed. Tilottama Rajan and Michael J. O'Driscoll. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2002. 110-126.

Battersby, Christine. The Sublime, Terror and Human Difference. London: Routledge, 2007.
Battersby, Christine. "Terror, Terrorism and the Sublime: Rethinking the Sublime after 1789 and 2001." Postcolonial Studies 6.1 (2003): 67-89.
de Bolla, Peter. The Discourse of the Sublime: Readings in History, Aesthetics and the Subject. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
Ferguson, Frances. Solitude and the Sublime: Romanticism and the Aesthetics of Individuation. London: Routledge, 1992.
Hipple, Walter John. The Beautiful, the Sublime, and the Picturesque in Eighteenth Century British Aesthetic Theory. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1957.
Knapp, Steven. Personification and the Sublime: Milton to Coleridge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1985.
Monk, S. H. The Sublime: a Study of Critical Theories in XVIII-Century England. New York: MLA, 1935.
Morris, David B. The Religious Sublime: Christian Poetry and Critical Tradition in Eighteenth Century England. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1972.
Nicolson, Marjorie Hope. Mountain Gloom and Mountain Glory: the Development of the Aesthetics of the Infinite. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1959.
Paley, Morton D. The Apocalyptic Sublime. 1986.
Trott, Nicola. "The Picturesque, the Beautiful and the Sublime." A Companion to Romanticism. Ed. Duncan Wu. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. 72-90.

Watson, J. R. Picturesque Landscape and English Romantic Poetry. London: Hutchinson, 1970.

Weiskel, Thomas. The Romantic Sublime: Studies in the Structure and Psychology of Transcendence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1976.

Wood, Theodore E. B. The Word 'Sublime' and its Context, 1650-1760. The Hague: Mouton, 1972.
Being:


Communication:

Bleicher, Josef. "The Rise of Classical Hermeneutics." Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy and Critique. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980. 11-26.

Esterhammer, Angela. The Romantic Performative: Language and Action in British and German Romanticism. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2000.

Grondin, Jean. Einfuhrung in die philosophische Hermeneutik. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1991.

"The Post-Kantian Transition from the Enlightenment to Romanticism: Ast and Schlegel." Introduction to Philosophical Hermeneutics. Trans. Joel Weinsheimer. New Haven: Yale UP, 1994. 63-67.

Hall, R. A. Idealism in Romance Linguistics. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1963.

Iordan, I. An Introduction to Romance Linguistics, its Schools and Scholars. Lonon: Methuen, 1937.

Keach, William. "Romanticism and Language." Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Ed. Stuart Curran. Cambridge: CUP, 1993. 95-119.

Leventhal, Robert S. The Disciplines of Interpretation: Lessing, Herder, Schlegel and Hermeneutics in Germany, 1750-1800. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1994.

Robins, R. H. "Comparative and Historical Linguistics in the Nineteenth Century." A Short History of Linguistics. New York: Longman, 1967. 4th Ed. 1997. 189-221.

Smith, Olivia. The Politics of Language, 1791- 1819.

Terezakis, Katie. The Immanent Word: the Turn to Language in German Philosophy, 1759-1801. London: Routledge, 2007.

Todorov, Tzvetan. "The Romantic Crisis." Theories of the Symbol. Trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1982. 147-221.

Human Nature:

Body:


Mind:


Self:

Goldstein, Jan. The Post-Revolutionary Self: Politics and Psyche in France, 1750-1850. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2005.

Knowledge:


Morality:



Nature:


Philosophy / Theory:


Religion:

Di Giovanni, George. Freedom and Religion in Kant and his Immediate Successors: the Vocation of Humankind, 1774-1800. Cambridge: CUP, 2005.
Social Formation:


On-Line:

Socio-Historical Context:


General:

Baumer, Franklin L.: Romanticism (Dictionary of the History of Ideas)

Berlin, Isaiah: The Counter-Enlightenment (Dictionary of the History of Ideas)

Boeree, C. George: Romanticism

Brians, Paul: Romanticism

Droz, Jacques: Romanticism in Political Thought (Dictionary of the History of Ideas)

Gutmann, James: Romanticism in Post-Kantian Philosophy (Dictionary of the History of Ideas)

History Guide: The Romantic Era

Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Romanticism
Jones, Roger: Romanticism
University of London: Nineteenth Century German Philosophy
McMahon, Darrin M.: The Counter-Enlightenment and the Low-Life of Literature in Pre-Revolutionary France Past and Present (1998)
Melani, Lilia: Romanticism
Moscovici, Claudia: The Philosophy of Postromanticism
Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Romantic Age: Introduction
Rajan, Tilottama: Hermeneutics 1: Nineteenth Century (Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism)

Rotenstreich, Nathan:
Volksgeist (DHI)
Zeitgeist (DHI)
Victor Hugo Website: Romanticism
WebMuseum: Romanticism

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:

Counter-Enlightenment
Category Romanticism:

Fin de Siècle

German Romanticism

Neo-Romanticism

Post-Romanticism

Romanticism

Romantic Nationalism

Schools of Thought:

American Transcendentalism:

Goodman, Russell: Transcendentalism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Wikipedia Encyclopedia: Transcendentalism

Proto-Existentialism:


German Idealism:

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: German Idealism

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:

German Idealism

Hegelianism:

Neo-Hegelianism

Right Hegelians

Young (Left) Hegelians

Topics:

Arts:

German Romanticism:

Berman, Russell A.: German Theory and Criticism 3: Nineteenth Century (Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism)

Gillies, Steven:

German Theory and Criticism 1: Sturm und Drang - Weimar Classicism (Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism)

German Theory and Criticism 2: Romanticism (Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism)

Wikipedia Encyclopedia:

Sturm und Drang

Weimar Classicism

British Romanticism:


The Sublime:

Fludernik, Monika: The Sublime (Literary Encyclopedia)

Magrini, J. M.: On the Sublime

McLemee, Scott: Difference Between the Sublime and the Beautiful Omnivore 33
Patten, Janice: The Sublime
University of Virginia: Incorporating the Sublime: Burke, Kant and Freud

Wikipedia Encyclopedia: Sublime


Being:



Communication:


Human Nature:

Body:


Mind:


Self:


Knowledge:



Morality:



Nature:



Philosophy / Theory:


Religion:



Society:


UNIVERSITY PROGRAMMES / RESEARCH CENTRES / RESEARCH PROJECTS

Europe:

Germany:

Universitaat des Saarlandes: Manfred Engels: Romantische Anthropologie

Netherlands:

University of Nijmegen: Centrum voor Duits Idealisme [Centre for German Idealism]

UK:

University of Bristol: Centre for Romantic Studies

University of Essex: Transcendental Philosophy and Naturalism Project

Roehampton University: Centre For Research in Romanticism

University of Wales, Aberystwyth: Centre for Romantic Studies


WWW GATEWAYS

Socio-Historical Context:


General:

Gamer, Michael (University of Pennsylvania): Romantic Links, Electronic Texts, and Home Pages

Romantic Circles

Voice of the Shuttle: Romantics

Whitney, Elizabeth: English Romanticism

Schools of Thought:

American Transcendentalism:

American Transcendentalism Web

Lewis, Jone Johnson: The Transcendentalists

Proto-Existentialism:


German Idealism:

Kant und der deutsche Idealismus (Kant and German Idealism)

Topics:

Arts:

German Romanticism:


British Romanticism:


The Sublime:

Voller, Jack G.: The Sublime and the Gothic The Literary Gothic